Conformed to the Image of Christ: Evaluating Approaches to Spiritual Formation

Philip Suciadi Chia, Asato Chishi

Abstract


In his letter to the Church in Ephesus, Paul writes that every disciple of Jesus ought to “make God’s activity the pattern for their lives” and become Christlike by Andrew T. Lincoln. Every disciple’s goal is to imitate the perfect image of God—Jesus Christ. This imitation is possible through practical obedience, as the German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer stated. Keeping in mind that the disciple’s end goal is to imitate Jesus, it is deemed essential to evaluate Spiritual formational approaches that are viewed as scaffolds in conforming to the image of Christ. The research seeks to critically analyze four approaches to Spiritual formation to appreciate their strengths and identify their weaknesses and evaluate their effectiveness to determine if such approaches can help believers in conforming to the image of Christ. Thus, the thesis of this article is to argue for the quintessential role of the Holy Spirit, the essential responsibility of the human agent, and the indispensable role of the Christian community, which are deemed crucial for effective Spiritual formational approaches.


Keywords


Spiritual Formation, Communal, Missional, Transformation, Imago Dei.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Balswick, Jack O., Pamela Ebstyne King, and Kevin S. Reimer. The Reciprocating Self: Human Development in Theological Perspective. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2016.

Barton, Ruth Haley et. al. “Spiritual Formation in the Church.” Journal of Spiritual Formation and Soul Care 7, no. 2 (2014): 292–311. https://web-s-ebscohost-com.aaron.swbts.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&sid=6199a0fa-c77c-40e7-84d9-4d4a97b7e784%40redis

Berkouwer, G. C. Man: The Image of God. Grand Rapids: W. M Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1962.

Boa, Kenneth D. Conformed to His Image: Biblical and Practical Approaches to Spiritual Formation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001.

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. The Cost of Discipleship. 2nd ed. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1959.

Blomberg, Craig L. “True Righteousness and Holiness: The Image of God in the New Testament.” In The Image of God in an Image Driven Age: Explorations in Theological Anthropology. Edited by Beth Felker Jones and Jeffrey W. Barbeau, 66–87. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2016.

Bramer, Paul D. G. “Christian Formation: Tweaking the Paradigm.” CEJ 3, no. 2 (2007): 352–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/073989130700400212

Bruce, F. F. The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1984.

Carter, James E. Following Jesus: The Nature of Christian Discipleship. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1977.

Chandler, Diane J. Christian Spiritual Formation: An Integrated Approach for Personal and Relational Wholeness. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central.

Coleman, Robert E. The Master Plan of Discipleship. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House Company, 1998.

Cortez, Marc. Resourcing Theological Anthropology: A Constructive Account of Humanity in the light of Christ. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017.

Dettoni, John M. “What is Spiritual Formation.” In The Christian Educator’s Handbook on Spiritual Formation. Edited by Kenneth O. Gangel and James Wilhoit, 11–20. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994.

Downs, Perry G. Teaching for Spiritual Growth: An Introduction to Christian Education. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994.

Eims, Leroy. The Lost Art of Disciple making. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1979.

Estep, James R., and Jonathan H. Kim, eds. Christian Formation: Integrating Theology and Human Development. Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2010. ProQuest Ebook Central.

Foster, Richard. Life With God: Reading the Bible for Spiritual Transformation. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2008.

Gangel, Kenneth O., and James C. Wilhoit. eds, The Christian Educator’s Handbook on Spiritual Formation. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1994.

Grenz, Stanley J. “Theological Foundations for Male-Female Relationships.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 41, no. 4 (1998): 615–630.

Grenz, Stanley J. The Social God and the Relational Self: A Trinitarian Theology of the Imago Dei. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.

Gunton, Colin E. One, the Three and the Many: God, Creation, and the Culture of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166546

Hammett, John S. “A Whole Approach to Interpreting Creation in God’s Image.” SWJT 63, no. 2 (2021): 29–47.

Hoekema, Anthony. Created in God’s Image. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994.

Howard, Evan B. A Guide to Christian Spiritual Formation: How Scriptures, Spirit, Community, and Missions Shape our Souls. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2018.

Hultgren, Steven. “The Origin of Paul’s Doctrine of the Two Adams in 1 Corinthians 15.45-49.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 25, no. 3 (2003): 343–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142064X0302500306

Johnson, Susanne. Christian Spiritual Formation in the Church and Classroom. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1989.

Jones, Beth Felker and Jeffrey W. Barbeau, eds. The Image of God in an Image Driven Age: Explorations in Theological Anthropology. Edited by Beth Felker Jones and Jeffrey W. Barbeau. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2016.

Jónsson, Gunnlaugar A. The Image of God: Genesis 1:26–28 in a century of Old Testament Research. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1998.

Kilner, John F. Dignity and Destiny: Humanity in the Image of God. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2015. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.aaron.swbts.edu/lib/swbts/reader.action?docID=4859320

Kilner, John F. “Humanity in God’s Image: Is the Image Really Damaged?” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 53, no. 3 (2010): 601–617.

Keener, Craig S. 1–2 Corinthians. The New Cambridge Bible Commentary. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Ladd, G. E. Theology of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974.

Lincoln, Andrew T. Ephesians. Word Biblical Commentary. Vol. 1. Dallas, TX: Word Books Publisher, 1990.

Maddix, Mark A. “Spiritual Formation and Christian Formation,” In Christian Formation: Integrating Theology and Human Development. Edited by James R. Estep and Jonathan H. Kim. Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2010, ProQuest Ebook Central.

Moo, Douglas and Jonathan Moo. Creation Care: A Biblical Theology for the Natural World. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2019.

Moo, Douglas and Jonathan Moo. The Epistle to the Romans, The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1996.

Mulholland Jr., M. Robert. Invitation to a Journey: A Road Map for Spiritual Formation. Downer Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2016. Kindle.

Osborne, Grant R. Romans. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004.

Pentecost, J. Dwight. Design for Discipleship. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1971.

Shaeffer, Francis. True Spirituality: How to Live for Jesus Moment by Moment. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1971.

Snyder, Ross. Introduction to Robert Wood, A Thirty-Day Experiment in Prayer. Nashville: Upper Room, 1978.

Tracy, Wesley D. et. Al. The Upward Call: Spiritual Formation and the Holy Life. Kansas City: Beacon Hill Press, 1994.

Vanhoozer, Kevin. “Human Being, Individual and Social.” In The Cambridge Companion to Christian Doctrine. Edited by Colin Gunton. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521471184.011

Wells, Paul. “In Search of the Image of God: Theology of a Lost Paradigm.” Themelios 30, no. 1 (2004). https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/themelios/article/in-search-of-the-image-of-god-theology-of-a-lost-paradigm/

Westermann, Claus. Genesis 1–11: A Continental Commentary. Translated by John J. Scullion. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994.

Wilhoit, James C. Spiritual Formation as if the Church Mattered: Growing in Christ Through Community. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008.

Wilkins, Michael. In His Image: Reflecting Christ in Everyday Life. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1997.

Wilkins, Michael. Following the Master: A Biblical Theology of Discipleship. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1992.

Willard, Dallas. The Great Omission: Reclaiming Jesus’s Essential Teaching on Discipleship. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006.

Willard, Dallas. Renovation of the Heart: Putting on the Character of Christ. Colorado Springs. CO: NavPress, 2012.

Willard, Dallas. “The Spirit is Willing: The Body as a Tool for Spiritual Growth,” in The Christian Educator’s Handbook on Spiritual Formation, 22—33. Edited by Kenneth O. Gangel and James Wilhoit. Grand Rapids: Bake Books, 1994.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25278/jj.v21i1.790
viewed = 0 times




Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Jaffray

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Lisensi Creative Commons
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

pISSN 1829-9474
eISSN 2407-4047

Copyright © Jurnal Jaffray 2014-2023