Pendekatan Eksplorasi pada Kasus Anak Oppositional Defiant Disorder di Kota Makassar
Abstract
Anak adalah karunia yang paling berharga bagi sebuah keluarga sehingga jika anak itu mengalami kelainan dalam berperilaku, orang tua perlu mencari solusi untuk mengatasi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan, mengungkapkan, dan mencari solusi penanganan anak yang mengalami Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Pendekatan eksplorasi digunakan dengan metode wawancara dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data agar mendukung analisis holistik dalam rangka mencapai tujuan artikel ini. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri atas dua jenis yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari seorang anak yang mengalami gangguan ODD dan dilengkapi oleh data dari orang tua, pakar yang terkait topik ini. Sedangkan data sekunder dari hasil kajian sebelumnya terhadap lima kasus. Pola perilaku mereka menunjukkan perlawanan kepada otoritas baik orang tua maupun guru di sekolah. Kelima kasus dari data dokumentasi menunjukkan perilaku yang tidak menyukai peraturan, perkembangan emosional yang tidak stabil, dan pengendalian diri yang buruk. Solusi penanganan anak yang mengalami gangguan ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada orang tua, orang tua membuat aturan yang diterapkan secara konsisten, orang tua memberi penghargaan, dan melibatkan seluruh anggota keluarga dengan perspektif yang sama. Artikel ini merupakan studi kasus yang tidak digeneralisasi melainkan berusaha memberikan penggambaran yang holistic terhadap kasus yang ada.
Children are the most precious gift to a family. Therefore, if there is a problem with a child, parents would want to find a way to treat them. This article aimed to describe, explore and find solutions for children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Interviews and documentation are used to get a holistic view of the problem. Data that are collected were primary data and secondary data. The primary data was from one child with oppositional defiant disorder and his parents along with his psychological records. Secondary data are previous cases about similar struggles in children. The result showed a pattern of oppositional behaviour to authority, to parents and teachers at school. The secondary case also showed a pattern of defiant behaviour, unstable emotional development, and low self-control. The treatment plan for oppositional defiant disorder cases included giving training for parents so they can apply consistent rules while giving positive regard and involving all family members to work in the same framework. This article is a study case that was not meant to be generalized but aimed to describe the case from various points of view, theologically and psychologically.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25278/jitpk.v2i2.622
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