Organizational Justice in Young Churches: Maximizing Fair Treatment of Others and Responding to Violations
Abstract
Organizational justice is the perception that one is being treated fairly in an organization, especially by those who hold power, such as the leaders within a church, both lay and staff. These perceptions of fairness (or lack of fairness) will influence church members’ commitment to, satisfaction with, and involvement in their church, as well as their psychological and spiritual well-being. Young churches are especially susceptible to the consequences of violations of organizational justice because young churches experience frequent changes in programs and delegation of responsibilities. Leaders of young churches should seek to maximize organizational justice, grounded in biblical principles, in order to have a healthy, functional body of believers who work together to serve God. These leaders need to respond to justice violations with humility, managing any conflicts that occur in effective and constructive ways. They must also work to prevent organizational justice violations in young churches from becoming engrained in the churches’ culture.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, J. S. Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 267-299). New York, NY: Academic Press, 1965.
Barclay, L. J., & M. F. Saldanha. Recovering from organizational injustice: New directions in theory and research. In R. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 497-522). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Bies, R. J. Interactional justice: Looking backward and looking forward. In R. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), Oxford handbook of justice in work organizations (pp. 89-107). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Bobocel, D. R., & L. Gosse. Procedural justice: A historical review and critical analysis. In R. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 51-88). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Brockner, J., & B. M. Wiesenfeld. "The interactive impact of procedural fairness and outcome favorability: The effect of what you do depends on how you do it." Psychological Bulletin 120 (1996):189-208.
Colquitt, J. A. "On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure." Journal of Applied Psychology 86, (2001):386-400.
Colquitt, J. A., D. E. Conlon, M. J. Wesson, C. Porter, & K. Yee Ng. "Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research." Journal of Applied Psychology 86, no. 3 (2001):425-445.
Cropanzano, R., & M. L. Ambrose. Organizational justice: Where we have been and where we are going. In R. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 3-14). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Deutsch, M. "Equity, equality, and need: What determines which value will be used as the basis of distributive justice?" Journal of Social Issues 31 (1975):137-149.
Dunaetz, D. R. Organizational justice: Perceptions of being fairly treated. In D. Baker & D. Hayward (Eds.), Serving Jesus with integrity: Ethics and accountability in mission (pp. 197-221). Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 2010.
________. Personality and conflict style: Effects on membership duration in voluntary associations. Saarbrűcken, Germany: Lambert Academic Press, 2011.
________. The achievement of conflict-related goals leads to satisfaction with conflict outcomes. CGU Theses & Dissertations, Paper 89, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/89.
________. "Mission in evolving cultures: Constructively managing music-related conflict in cross-cultural church planting contexts." Missiology: An International Review 44 (2016a):296-310.
________. Submission or cooperation? Two competing approaches to conflict management in mission organizations. 2016. In R. Cathcart Scheuermann & E. L. Smither (Eds.), Controversies in mission: Theology, people, and practice in the 21st century (pp. 121-142). Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library.
________. "Constructively managing program-related conflict in local churches." Christian Education Journal 16 (2019):259-274.
Dunaetz, D. R., M. Cullum, & E. Barron. "Church size, pastoral humility, and member characteristics as predictors of church commitment." Theology of Leadership Journal 1, no. 2 (2018):125-138.
Dunaetz, D. R., & A. Greenham. "Power or concerns: Contrasting perspectives on missionary conflict." Missiology: An International Review 46 (2018):67-85.
Fehr, R., & M. J. Gelfand. "When apologies work: How matching apology components to victims’ self-construals facilitates forgiveness." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 113 (2010):37-50.
Fisher, R., W. Ury, & B. Patton. Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.
Folger, R. "Distributive and procedural justice: Combined impact of 'voice' and improvement on experienced inequity." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35, no. 2 (1977):108-119.
Folger, R., & R. Cropanzano. Organizational justice and human resource management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.
Gelfand, M. J., L. M. Leslie, K. Keller, & C. K. W. de Dreu."Conflict cultures in organizations: How leaders shape conflict cultures and their organizational-level consequences." Journal of Applied Psychology 97, (2012):1131-1147.
Greenberg, J. The social side of fairness: Interpersonal and informational classes of organizational justice. In R. Cropanzano (Ed.), Justice in the workplace: Approaching fairness in human resource management (pp. 79-103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1993.
Harris, R. L., G. L. Archer & B. K. Waltke. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament (Vol. 1-2). Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1980.
Jehn, K. A. "A quantitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups." Administrative Science Quarterly 42 (1997):530-557.
Karam, E. P., J. Hu, R. B. Davison, M. Juravich, J. D. Nahrgang, S. E. Humphrey, & D. S. DeRue. "Illuminating the ‘face’ of justice: A meta‐analytic examination of leadership and organizational justice." Journal of Management Studies 56, no 1 (2019):134-171.
Kittel, G., & G. Friedrich Theological dictionary of the New Testament: Abridged in one volume (G. W. Bromily, Trans.). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985.
Korsgaard, M. A., D. M. Schweiger, & H. J. Sapienza. "Building commitment, attachment, and trust in strategic decision-making teams: The role of procedural justice." The Academy of Management Journal 38 (1995):60-84.
Lathrop, John Paul. “Conflict In The Church: The Uncomfortable Reality.” Jurnal Jaffray 13, no. 2 (September 16, 2015): 185-194. https://doi.org/10.25278/jj71.v13i2.177.
Lind, E. A. Fairness heuristic theory: Justice judgments as pivotal cognitions in organizational relations. In J. Greenberg & R. Cropanzano (Eds.), Advances in organizational justice (Vol. 56, pp. 56-88). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.
Lind, E. A., & T. R. Tyler. The social psychology of procedural justice. n.p. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1988.
Meyer, J. P., & N. J. Allen. "A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment." Human Resource Management Review 1 (1991) 61-89.
Miller, D. T., & M. Ross. "Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction." Psychological Bulletin 82 (1975):213-225.
Nadiri, H., & C. Tanova. "An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry." International Journal of Hospitality Management 29 (2010):33-41.
Okimoto, T. G., M. Wenzel, & K. Hedrick. "Refusing to apologize can have psychological benefits (and we issue no mea culpa for this research finding)." European Journal of Social Psychology 43 (2013):22-31.
Pruitt, D. G., & S. H. Kim. Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill, 2004.
Rahim, M. A. Managing conflict in organizations (3rd ed.). Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 2001.
Rhoades, J. A., & P. J. Carnevale. "The behavioral context of strategic choice in negotiation: A test of the dual concern model." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 29 (1999):1777-1802.
Rhoades, L., & R. Eisenberger. "Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature." Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (2002):698-714.
Ross, L., D. Greene, & P. House. "The false consensus effect: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 13 (1977):279-301.
Schein, E. H. Organizational culture and leadership (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2004.
Shapiro, D. L., & E. N. Sherf. The role of conflict in managing conflict. In R. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 443-460). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Skarlicki, D. P., & G. P. Latham. "Increasing citizenship behavior within a labor union: A test of organizational justice theory." Journal of applied psychology 81 (1996):161-169.
Sorenson, R. L., E. A. Morse, & G. T. Savage. "A test of the motivations underlying choice of conflict strategies in the dual-concern model." International Journal of Conflict Management 10 (1999):25-44.
Tanner, M. N., J. N. Wherry, & A. M. Zvonkovic. "Clergy who experience trauma as a result of forced termination." Journal of Religion and Health (2012):1-15. doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9571-3.
Tanner, M. N., A. M. Zvonkovic, & C. Adams. "Forced termination of American clergy: Its effects and connection to negative well-being." Review of Religious Research 54 (2012):1-17.
Törnblom, K., & A. Kazemi. Distributive justice: Revisiting past statements and reflecting on future prospects. In R. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 15-50). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Tripp, T. M., & R. J. Bies. ‘Doing justice’: The role of motives for revenge in the workplace. In R. Cropanzano & M. L. Ambrose (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of justice in the workplace (pp. 461-475). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25278/jj.v18i1.405
viewed = 0 times
